富丽堂皇的中山纪念堂

藏巧守拙

<font size=\"3\"><p style=\"list-style: none; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-transform: none; line-height: 32px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: \"Microsoft Yahei\"; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;\"><font style=\"line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal;\">中山纪念堂的原址为清代抚标箭道、督练公所。民国初年为广东都督、广东都军署。1921年孙中山在广州就任非常大总统时，总统府即设在这里。1921年陈炯明叛变并把总统府烧毁。为纪念孙中山的革命功绩，广州人民在此地建造中山纪念堂。</font></p><p style=\"list-style: none; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-transform: none; line-height: 32px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: \"Microsoft Yahei\"; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;\"><font style=\"line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal;\">中山纪念堂是一座富丽堂皇的八角形宫殿式建筑，由东西南北四面重檐拱托着中央高耸的八角亭顶，红柱黄墙衬着黄色的琉璃瓦，瓦面分高低四层，层层飞檐出卷。大堂正面的檐上悬挂着孙中山先生手写的“天下为公”的金字匾，檐下朱色大石柱拱托着彩绘的廊檐和具有拼花图案的天花板。大堂四周基座和石阶梯级为白色花岗岩，庄重典雅。整座建筑外形庄严宏伟，装饰堂皇富丽，富有浓郁的民族风格和中国传统建筑的艺术特色。</font></p><p style=\"list-style: none; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-transform: none; line-height: 32px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: \"Microsoft Yahei\"; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;\"><font style=\"line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal;\">中国传统的大型建筑物，大都是宫殿和庙宇，没有大型集会用的大会堂。1931年l0月，这座高49米，建筑面积达8300平方米的中山纪念堂建成，成为中国最早的纪念大会堂之一。中山纪念堂剪彩典礼的消息一经报道，立刻轰动一时，中外人士纷纷前来参观。</font></p><p style=\"list-style: none; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-transform: none; line-height: 32px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: \"Microsoft Yahei\"; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;\"><font style=\"line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal;\">中山纪念堂内的建筑有四个特点。首先，它是整座由钢筋混凝土构成的建筑物。大堂中间是30米跨度的钢衍架，堂内地面至顶高58米，南北各宽71米。堂内分楼上楼下2层。大堂内有8座楼梯、11个门口，供5000名观众上下和进出。</font></p><p style=\"list-style: none; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-transform: none; line-height: 32px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: \"Microsoft Yahei\"; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;\"><font style=\"line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal;\">其次，大堂内看不到一根支撑柱。8根八角形的柱子被巧妙地藏在周围的内墙中，进到堂内，观众从外表上看不到柱子。这些柱子支承着4个跨度约30米的大型钢结构衍架，上面有支撑的8个主衍架，构成一个八角形的顶盖，像一把张开着的无柄雨伞一样。</font></p><p style=\"list-style: none; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-transform: none; line-height: 32px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: \"Microsoft Yahei\"; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;\"><font style=\"line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal;\">第三，顶盖以衍架为骨干，分三层砌成，最下层是云纹色彩的斜形方格，中层镶嵌有玻璃天窗，最上层是一个乳黄色的弧形圆顶。光线可通过大面积的嵌花玻璃射入堂内，使偌大的会堂采光极佳。</font></p><p style=\"list-style: none; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-transform: none; line-height: 32px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: \"Microsoft Yahei\"; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;\"><font style=\"line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal;\">第四，由于钢桁架的跨度很大，构成的空间也非常大，人们坐在堂内的每一个座位上，都不会被柱子挡住视线。而且，堂内没有回音，即使坐满观众，在堂中的任何一个座位，都可清晰地听到舞台上的音响。这种构造，可说是建筑师吕彦直对声学和力学原理的游刃有余。</font></p><p style=\"list-style: none; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-transform: none; line-height: 32px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: \"Microsoft Yahei\"; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;\"><font style=\"line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal;\">修建中山纪念堂不仅具有极高的建筑艺术价值；还是广州这座城市的标志性建筑。因此，设计方案不仅将纪念、聚会、标准的功能融合在一起，还建有配套建筑、设施。</font></p><p style=\"list-style: none; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-transform: none; line-height: 32px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: \"Microsoft Yahei\"; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;\"><font style=\"line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal;\">这些附属建筑同样体现了设计师的匠心独运。纪念堂外面有典雅精致的铁花围墙，围墙每隔两米，就立有一根黄色水刷石，顶上用蓝琉璃瓦压顶，宛如一只只小巧玲珑的龙檐亭阁，它们与广场内的柱灯映衬，这些柱灯每隔百十步就有一盏。而这些柱子与柱灯的外形，又与纪念堂顶的形状遥相呼应。</font></p><p style=\"list-style: none; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-transform: none; line-height: 32px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: \"Microsoft Yahei\"; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;\"><font style=\"line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal;\">大堂北面是一个巨大的舞台，宽19米，深15米。舞台后面镶刻着著名的“总理遗嘱”。舞台坐落在北面，大堂内的东、西、南面有连接起来的挂楼，周围有六座楼梯供观众上去。堂内四周的墙壁上面均设计有山陵图样，彩斗拱和花板做饰物。</font></p><p style=\"list-style: none; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-transform: none; line-height: 32px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: \"Microsoft Yahei\"; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;\"><font style=\"line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal;\">纪念堂东西两侧各有一座两层楼房，正前面有琉璃门坊，总占地60000平方米。西边的一座现在已经辟为孙中山史料陈列馆。</font></p><p style=\"list-style: none; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-transform: none; line-height: 32px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: \"Microsoft Yahei\"; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;\"><font style=\"line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal;\">纪念堂前方是一片芳草如茵的广场，广场内草木茂盛，阔叶树和常绿树呼应，把主体纪念堂衬托地更加宏伟。</font></p><p style=\"list-style: none; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-transform: none; line-height: 32px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: \"Microsoft Yahei\"; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;\"><font style=\"line-height: 24px; font-size: 16px; -ms-word-break: normal; -ms-word-wrap: normal;\">越秀山上的中山纪念碑也算是纪念堂的配套工程。其建设时间与纪念堂同步，也由吕彦直设计。</font></p></font>

大连小小

首席了解学习谢谢分享

张家口红

了解学习富丽堂皇的中山纪念堂。谢谢分享。

王建春在

学习了解

雅鸣

有中国传统建筑的艺术特色。

戈壁雄鹰

了解欣赏了！感谢分享！