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<div style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 20px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/23px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\" class=\"img_wrapper\"><span class=\"img_descr\"><strong>▌布币</strong></span><img style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; BORDER-TOP: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 0px\" src=\"http://n.sinaimg.cn/collect/crawl/20160110/0ye3-fxnkkuv4291611.jpg\" /><span style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; LINE-HEIGHT: 20px; MARGIN: 5px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; ZOOM: 1; DISPLAY: inline-block; COLOR: rgb(102,102,102); FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 6px\" class=\"img_descr\"></span></div><p style=\" ADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 15px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 586px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/24px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\"> 由农耕经济的农具演变发展而来,形状各异,种类繁多,一般都铸刻有文字,直到今天,人们仍然把布币视作中国钱币文化的象征,在中国人民银行的行徽以及人民币的水印图案中,都可以看到布币的存在。</p><p style=\" ADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 15px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 586px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/24px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\"> <strong><strong>▌</strong>刀币</strong></p><div style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 20px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/23px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\" class=\"img_wrapper\"><img style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; BORDER-TOP: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 0px\" src=\"http://n.sinaimg.cn/collect/crawl/20160110/7m-b-fxnkkuy7816177.jpg\" /><span style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; LINE-HEIGHT: 20px; MARGIN: 5px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; ZOOM: 1; DISPLAY: inline-block; COLOR: rgb(102,102,102); FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 6px\" class=\"img_descr\"></span></div><p style=\" ADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 15px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 586px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/24px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\"> 刀削形,起源于渔猎经济工具,以齐国的刀币最为古朴精美。有的铸有外廓,不仅显得美观,而且增强了牢固度,以防止磨损。</p><p style=\" ADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 15px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 586px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/24px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\"> <strong><strong>▌</strong>环币</strong></p><div style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 20px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/23px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\" class=\"img_wrapper\"><img style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; BORDER-TOP: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 0px\" src=\"http://n.sinaimg.cn/collect/crawl/20160110/L9n6-fxnkkuy7816179.jpg\" /><span style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; LINE-HEIGHT: 20px; MARGIN: 5px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; ZOOM: 1; DISPLAY: inline-block; COLOR: rgb(102,102,102); FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 6px\" class=\"img_descr\"></span></div><p style=\" ADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 15px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 586px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/24px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\"> 起源于手工业经济工具的纺轮或璧环,上都有古篆文字,分圆孔和方孔两种。环币以它独特的魅力和优越的使用便利性逐渐取代了其他形状的钱币,为秦始皇统一币制、为钱币形状确定为方孔圆形打下了基础。</p><p style=\" ADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 15px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 586px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/24px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\"> <strong><strong>▌</strong>蚁鼻钱</strong></p><div style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 20px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/23px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\" class=\"img_wrapper\"><img style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; BORDER-TOP: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 0px\" src=\"http://n.sinaimg.cn/collect/crawl/20160110/QIMm-fxnkkuy7816181.jpg\" /><span style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; LINE-HEIGHT: 20px; MARGIN: 5px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; ZOOM: 1; DISPLAY: inline-block; COLOR: rgb(102,102,102); FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 6px\" class=\"img_descr\"></span></div><p style=\" ADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 15px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 586px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/24px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\"> 由贝币演化而来,蚁鼻喻小,意即小钱,俗称“蚁鼻钱”“鬼脸钱”,现存最早的金币就是楚国的“郢爰”(黄金称量货币),呈板形,由可固定的金钣印铸出来。</p><p style=\" ADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 15px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 586px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/24px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\"> <strong><strong>▌</strong>半两钱</strong></p><div style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 20px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/23px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\" class=\"img_wrapper\"><img style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; BORDER-TOP: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 0px\" src=\"http://n.sinaimg.cn/collect/crawl/20160110/wEWP-fxnkkuy7816183.jpg\" /><span style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; LINE-HEIGHT: 20px; MARGIN: 5px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; ZOOM: 1; DISPLAY: inline-block; COLOR: rgb(102,102,102); FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 6px\" class=\"img_descr\"></span></div><p style=\" ADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 15px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 586px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/24px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\"> 公元前210年,秦始皇颁布了中国最早的货币法:“以秦币同天下之币”,规定在全国范围内通行圆形方孔的半两钱,在钱文中都明确标明钱的重量,如“半两”、“五铢”、“四铢”等等。</p><p style=\" ADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 15px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 586px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/24px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\"> 以半两为单位。钱文“半两”与实重相符,这种方孔圆钱从此成为中国货币的主要形式,一直沿用到民国初期。</p><p style=\"PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 15px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 586px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/24px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\"> 圆形方孔在全国的通行,是我国古代货币史上由杂乱形状向规范形状的一次重大演变,同时也是当时世界上最早由政府法定的货币。</p><p style=\"PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 15px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 586px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/24px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\"> <strong><strong>▌</strong>五铢钱</strong></p><div style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 20px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/23px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\" class=\"img_wrapper\"><img style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; BORDER-TOP: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(231,231,231) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 0px\" src=\"http://n.sinaimg.cn/collect/crawl/20160110/2vKS-fxnkkux1040520.jpg\" /><span style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; LINE-HEIGHT: 20px; MARGIN: 5px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; ZOOM: 1; DISPLAY: inline-block; COLOR: rgb(102,102,102); FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 6px\" class=\"img_descr\"></span></div><p style=\"PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 15px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 586px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/24px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\"> 汉初,听任郡国自由铸钱,据《汉书·食货志》记载,文帝时“除盗铸钱令,使民放铸”,于是“盗铸如云而起”。这既造成了货币的混乱,又使富商大贾操纵铸币权,富比天子。</p><p style=\"PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 15px auto; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 586px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT: 14px/24px Arial, 宋体, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); WORD-SPACING: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px\"> 公元前113年,汉武帝设“上林三官”,由中央统一铸造五铢钱,对稳定政局和经济发展起了重要的作用。此后七百多年间,五铢钱一直为历朝法定货币。因五铁钱轻重合宜,中国以“五铢”为主要形制的方孔圆钱还影响日本、安南、朝鲜等国。</p> |
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